A natural bentonite obtained from Khorasan, Iran, was submitted to acid activation with sulphuric acid. Sample aliquots (5gr) were leached with 100 ml H2SO4 solutions of various concentrations (2-7N) … Expand
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A linear plot of ln ln(S/S 0) versus ln t will give slope b and intercept a. Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 show the fitting of kinetic model for activation of bentonite by sulfuric acid at different concentration of sulfuric acid. It is interesting to see that specific surface area–time data of bentonite activated by sulfuric acid fit the modified kinetic model …
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Natural bentonite was activated with 2 M sulfuric acid, 4.5 h and 95 °C (the best acid-activated sample with the highest adsorption capacity) and the other 6 M sulfuric acid, 7.5 h and 95 °C ...
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Acid activations were carried out by heating muds prepared using calcium bentonite (CaB), sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4), and distilled water yielding different bleaching earths …
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Raw bentonite (RB) was activated using sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid solutions with concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 mol/L, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy images, specific surface area, pore volume, cation exchange capacity, X-ray diffraction patterns, and binding energy of RB and acid-activated bentonites were also ...
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Bentonite clay is formed from ancient volcanic ash that was once exposed to seawater, at which point it absorbed a whole lot of minerals. It's often sourced from ancient seabeds (that are now dry land), and its name comes from Fort Benton, Montana—the location of the largest known deposit of bentonite clay. It's also called …
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The bentonite clay after acid activation was used as a catalyst for diester preparation using succinic acid and ethanol. The conversion of succinic acid was 62% …
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Activated Na-bentonite was prepared using sulfuric acid. Flow curves of the suspensions were modeled using the Herschel-Bulkley equation, which performed well for this system. ... The effect of the electrolyte concentration and pH on the rheological properties of the original and the Na 2 CO 3-activated Kütahya bentonite. Applied Clay …
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Bentonite cation exchange capacity (CEC) for Co(II) and Cr(VI) had a maximum value of (3256.7and 11653.9 meq/100g clay) when bentonite activated with 15% H2SO4 concentration.
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Specific properties of bentonite clay have made them a valuable material in different process industries. Easy availability, low price and their effectiveness are the major factors which made fuller's earth, an adsorbent in cooking oil manufacturing industry. Textural characteristics of fuller's earth play an important role in its performance. These …
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activation of bentonite clay using sulphuric accid. Posted at: September 11, 2012 [ 4.8 - 2482 Ratings] ... How to activate BENTONITE CLAY FROM SULFURIC ACID – ...
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33 acid) activated bentonite clay is very efficient and shows satisfactory results. But there is a major disadvantage 34 associated with its use. Fumes of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid are very dangerous for both the equipment and 35 labor involved in manufacturing of vegetable oil. Therefore the safety of the labor and equipment is ...
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The objectives of this stud y are to activate bentonite clay from Kirkouk using sulfuric acid, evaluate its specific surf ace area, CEC through M.B. dye adsorption and (Cr(VI) & Co(II))...
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Abstract. Acid activation was carried out by heating muds prepared from Ca-rich bentonite (CaB), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) and distilled water, yielding various bleaching earths (BEs). The roles of each of the process variables, namely mass fraction of H 2 …
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of solids concentration, salt concentration, and pH value on the shear rate, shear stress, and …
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Ceramics clay containing feldspar which before being activated using sulfuric acid has a ratio of concentration between silica and alumina (silica/alumina) of 3.6, so a process is needed to ...
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For natural and activated bentonite, the water molecules (interlayers) and the structural hydroxyl groups in the bentonite clay layers were observed in the region between 3750 and 3500 cm −1 ...
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The activation of the Saudi natural bentonite with sulfuric acid was studied experimentally and the activity of the produced clay for bleaching of corn oil was tested and compared with that of commercial active clay. The conditions that give best results for the sulfuric acid activation were found to be: 45% by wt acid concentration, liquid to ...
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Activated Na-bentonite was prepared using sulfuric acid. Flow curves of the suspensions were modeled using the Herschel-Bulkley equation, which performed well for this system. The Herschel-Bulkley yield stress increased with the solids concentration and showed a maximum and minimum at the NaCl concentrations of 0.001 M and 0.01 …
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In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used in the bentonite clay activation. The activated clays were used in the UMO treatment in a ratio of 1:4 w/v, using batch adsorption processes (contact ...
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Acid activation technique was opted for modifying natural bentonite (NB) to enhance the adsorptive removal of CIP from water. The BET surface area analysis …
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An activation of natural clay has been developed. Activation was applied by refluxing the natural bentonite in variation of the sulfuric acid concentration and calcination time of pillared bentonite (PLC). Calcination was applied using oven in microwave 2,45 GHz.
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Abstract- The acid-activated bentonite clay is a low-cost adsorbent. This adsorbent was prepared using sulfuric acid reflux and was used for lead removal from wastewater resulting from batteries industries. RSM was used to optimize results, seventeen experimental runs were obtained for the production of activated bentonite clay at …
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The clay samples were activated using sulfuric acid of various concentrations( blank solution, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % ) at 90 o C. The bleaching efficiency of the activated clays for sun flower oil were recorded using double beam UV/Visible and single beam spectrometers before and after the refining processes.
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In this study, a two-stage process was conducted. The first one was carrying out the activation process of raw bentonite at different conditions and the optimum parameter was chosen. The second process was bleaching of Niger seed oil and rapeseed oil using the chosen activated bentonite. The raw bentonite collected from Gewane in Afar region …
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Pakistan is adsorption by inorganic acid activated fuller's earth (bentonite clay). Treatment with inorganic acid (Sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid) activated bentonite clay is very efficient and shows satisfactory results. But there is a major disadvantage associated with its use. Fumes of hydrochloric acid or sulfuric
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activation of the clay may result in different adsorption properties such as porosity, surface area, and pore size distribution. Na-rich bentonite (NaB) or Ca-rich bentonite (CaB) are clays which ...
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The presence of emerging pollutants such as hazardous chemicals, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals in water sources is a serious concern to the environment and human health. Thus, this study focused on exploring the interaction mechanisms between ciprofloxacin (CIP) (antibiotic) and clay …
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Acid activation of clay has been studied by many researchers [21, 22] and the process depends considerably on the nature and concentration of the acid and treatment time and temperature . In general, the acid activation of clay minerals causes an increase in the specific surface area and number of active sites of the adsorbents .
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Solutions of sulfuric acid and lithium hydroxide are used as activating agents. It is shown that during combined treatment of enriched clay which includes activation with sulfuric …
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after treatment with hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid (H 2SO 4). Smectites such as montmorillonite, saponite, hectorite, nontronite and beidellite are the major clay minerals of bentonites (Bergaya et al., 2006), which also include other clay and non-clay minerals as impurities (Moore & Reynolds, 1997, Sohling et al., 2009; Steudel et al., 2013).
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Activation of Bentonite clay using hydrochloric acid (HCl) [15], [16], sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) [17], [18] and other acids [19], [20] has been reported. Out of all acids, H 2 SO 4 is preferred mostly as the activation can be performed by mild process conditions and the quality of the end product is better with high specific surface area and ...
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Biodiesel obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils and fats is an alternative for petro-diesel fuel. Purification of biodiesel is one of the crucial steps in the production of biodiesel. The conventional wet washing of biodiesel involves huge quantities of water, energy, and time. Therefore, dry washing was carried out with raw bentonite …
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Our previous study reported that the acid activation of bentonite using a single-acid solution, such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid, or phosphoric acid, improved the electrical conductivity in tap water . …
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Activation of bentonite by acid is an important step for adsorption of some impurities by active clay [6]. This is so-called "activation process". The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 °C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric acid [7]. During ...
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chosen. The second process was bleaching of Niger seed oil and rapeseed oil using the chosen activated bentonite. The raw bentonite collected from Gewane in Afar region was activated by sulfuric acid and the design of various experiments in order to assess and simulate the effects of the acid activation of raw bentonite on the bleaching capacity of
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Acid activation is a chemical treatment traditionally used on clays, typically bentonites in hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, to obtain partly dissolved materials with enhanced surface properties suitable for new applications or displaying interesting new behaviour.This paper is based mostly on the results of long-running experiments in our …
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Acid activation is a chemical treatment traditionally used on clays, typically bentonites in hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, to obtain partly dissolved materials with …
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purification has become a topic of research. In this study, the use of bentonite clay modified by acid activation is proposed. Sulfuric acid, acetic acid (v-acid/w-clay ratio=20, 40 and 60%) and sulfuric/acetic mixtures (1:1 ratio) were used in the bentonite clay activation. The activated clays were used in the UMO
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The results showed that activation of Maredan clay by sulfuric acid produced the total acid amount of 0.6483 mmol/g catalyst by using Boehm titration …
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